Wireless Ad Hoc Sensor Networks

Wireless Ad Hoc Sensor Networks (WAdSNs) have become an important research area in the last ten years. Main contributions have focused on the development of new hardware, software, and protocols supporting distributed applications. In these kinds of networks, cooperation is a key issue, especially when nodes collaborate with their neighbors and with the whole network, considering it as a single entity. This paradigm can be used to face complex problems with high requirements: ease of deployment, self-configuration, and self-repair, among others. This special issue is among these sorts of applications. Considering the point of view of network cooperation, the papers that form this special issue could be classified in four important categories. The first category deals with routing purposes. Four papers could be included in this category. The paper titled " Energy-efficient routing algorithms based on OVSF code and priority in clustered wireless sensor networks , " by X. Wu et al., describes an improved protocol based on the classic routing protocol LEACH. Different studies are done to analyze several environments where wireless sensor networks are deployed. Another routing algorithm is proposed in the paper titled " Energy-aware routing in wireless sensor networks using local betweenness centrality " , by X.-H. Li et al. This proposal uses local betweenness centrality to estimate the energy consumption of the neighborhood. The main goal is to provide balanced energy consumption in wireless sensor networks. The results provided demonstrate that there exist several advantages using this algorithm. The paper titled " Towards efficient and secure geographic routing protocol for hostile wireless sensor network, " by C. Lyu et al., proposes a new routing protocol, named ESGR, that exploits the geographic location, cryptography mechanisms, and broadcast wireless channel. The authors examine the impact of a wide variety of attacks in malicious wireless sensor network scenarios and demonstrate that ESGR avoids a specific variety of attacks and ensures high packet delivery rate in malicious sensor network environment. The paper " A credible routing based on a novel trust mechanism in ad hoc networks, " by R. Feng et al., provides a novel routing algorithm for Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) focusing on finding paths in dynamic networks and considering security. The second category deals with network formation and maintenance. The paper " A nonuniform sensor distribution strategy for avoiding energy holes in wireless sensor networks, " by G. Ma and Z. Tao, presents a nonuniform sensor …